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PHL 1001A Western Philosophy 1  Honors Section RC308  CRN 97259 

 

Dr Christian Perring, Department of Philosophy, Dowling College

 

Thursdays 230-520 PM, Fall 2004

 

E-mail: perringc@dowling.edu  [All email to me should have "PHL1001" in the subject line]

Office Phone: 244-3349

Office: 330B RC (next to the computer lab)

Office Hours: T 430-530PM, W 130-230PM, R 1200-100PM

 

Textbook: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy: Texts and Interactive Guides, by James Fieser and Norman Lillegard.  (Oxford University Press, 2002)

 

Grade assignment:

First paper: 12%

Second paper: 24%

Third paper: 36%

Attendance and participation: 10%

Presentation: 8%

Personal reflections (4): 10%

 

Aim of the course: This course will introduce you to some of the central philosophical themes in western thought from ancient Greece up to the dawn of the modern era.  You will learn skills of reading carefully, reading out loud, comparing different world views, analyzing arguments, clarifying ideas, making careful distinctions, finding the strengths and weaknesses of arguments, assessing the plausibility of claims, constructing your own arguments, defending and strengthening your own arguments, discussing controversial ideas with other people, presenting ideas to a group, expressing your ideas and criticisms of others in writing, and formulating your own arguments in writing.  Ultimately, this course should help you to think for yourself, express yourself, and better understand the ideas of other people.  Hopefully, it should also give you some understanding of the philosophical foundations of western civilization. 

 

Reading assignments: Each week, one chapter, or part of a chapter, of A Historical Introduction to Philosophy is assigned for reading.  You must do the reading before that week.  You should be familiar with the main ideas in each assigned chapter, and you should make notes of those parts that are hard to follow. 

 

Attendance: If you need to miss a class, you should notify me by phone or email before the class.  Your attendance grade will suffer significantly if you miss classes without excuse.  If you miss classes, you should request make-up work from me. 

 

Participation: You should participate in class discussion, both answering questions that are put to the class, raising questions when you do not fully understand an idea or a part of the text, or what someone in the class says. 

 

Paper Topics (Tentative and subject to revision)

Paper 1.  At least 600 words.  Summarize the accusations against Socrates and his justification of his actions. 

Paper 2.  At least 1200 words.  Answer ONE question.

1.  Explain what it takes, according to Aristotle, to be a happy person.  Explain what see as the least plausible part of his view.

2.  Compare the ways that Plato thinks we can discover the nature of ultimate reality with those proposed by Aristotle.  Focus your comparison on particular examples of knowledge and say how each philosopher would evaluate that knowledge. 

Paper 3.  At least 1800 words.  Answer ONE question.

1.  Compare the Epicurean and Stoic views on how to achieve happiness, and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. 

2.  Explain and critically evaluate any two arguments for belief in the existence of God, as set out by Augustine, Aquinas and Pascal. 

 

Plagiarism detection and prevention: All papers should be submitted via Turnitin.com or sent to me by email as an attachment in MS Word or RTF.  I will give you information about how to use Turnitin.com.  Note that I view any form of academic dishonesty very seriously, and if I find that you have engaged in any significant form of plagiarism or cheating I will fail you in this course and report my action to the Dean of Students.

The class ID for turnitin.com is "1151840"

Password: "socrates"

 

Presentations:  You must sign up to do a presentation in by the end of the Week 6.  You can do a 10-minute presentation on your own, or a 20 minute presentation with another person.  If you do a joint presentation, you will both get the same grade.  You can use Powerpoint to do your presentation, but it is not required.  However you do your presentation, you must keep it lively and interesting, and you should not simply read out from a pre-written text.  You should provide some information that is not available in the course textbook.  Your presentation will be assessed using the form available by clicking here.

 

Personal Reflections: These should be at least 400 words, in grammatical English.  They will not be graded, but I will give you some feedback on them.  You either get credit for them or you don't.  They are not meant to be academically challenging, but are meant to give you the opportunity to link the topics of the class to your own life and ideas you have about how best to make decisions.  It is up to you how much of your own personal experience you include, but you are encouraged to do so link your own life with philosophical discussions.

 

Classroom Etiquette.  All cell phones ringers should be turned off and you should never talk on your cell phone in class.  You should not eat any food in class, especially food that others will notice through sound or smell.  You should turn up on time to all classes.  Even if you are tired, you should stay awake and keep your eyes open.  Your attention needs to be on the class, and you should not do other reading or work during the class.  You are free to express your views and question the views of others, including your professor, and you can be passionate about your opinions.  However, you must always treat others in the class with respect; you can criticize the views and arguments of others, but you cannot criticize them as persons.  You should also make sure you are not dominating classroom discussion to the exclusion of other class members. 

 

Schedule (Tentative and subject to revision)

 

Sept 2

Homer and the Old and New Testaments 

 

Sept 9

The Pre-Socratics: Thales, Anazimander, Anaximenes

Xenophanes, Pythagoras, Heroclitus

Parmenides, Zeno

Reading: Chapter 1

 

Sept 23

Socrates

Meno and Apology

Reading: Chapter 2: Pages 37-71

Personal Reflection due: Assuming that the Pre-Socratics were not fools, how could they have come to hold theories that contradict common sense so clearly?  Are some of their theories about the nature of the world more plausible to you than others?

 

Sept 30

Plato

Phaedo and the Republic

Reading: Chapter 2: Pages 71-100

Paper 1 due.

 

Oct 7

Aristotle

Categories, Physics, On the Soul

Reading: Chapter 3: Pages 101-113

Personal Reflection due: Plato does not defend personal freedom or equality of citizens in the state.  Why should we take his ideas seriously?  Is there anything valuable we could learn from his approach?

 

Oct 14

Aristotle

Ethics

Reading: Chapter 3: Pages 113-152

 

Oct 21

Hellenistic philosophical traditions: Epicureanism, Stoicism, Cynicism and Skepticism

Reading: Chapter 4

Paper 2 due.

 

Oct 28

Augustine

Reading: Chapter 5: Pages 177-206

Personal Reflection due: Discuss one aspect of the views of the Hellenistic philosophers that particularly appeals to you.

 

Nov 4

Maimonodes and Aquinas

Reading: Chapter 5: Pages 221-250

 

Nov 18

Humanism, The Reformation

Reading: Chapter 6: Pages 250-272

Draft of Paper 3 due. 

 

Dec 2

Student presentations

Montaigne's Apology

Bayle's Dictionary

Pascal's Wager:

Reading: Chapter 6: Pages 272-281

 

Dec 9

Student presentations

Copernicus, Galileo, Newton

Reading: Chapter 6: Pages 281-295

Paper 3 due.

 

Dec 16

Student presentations

Bacon, Descartes, Newton

Reading: Chapter 6: Pages 295-318

Personal Reflection due: Is it possible to take a scientific approach to the whole of one's life?

 

 

Presentation topics

What was everyday life like in Athens in the 4th century BCE?

What was everyday life like in Rome in the 1st century BCE?

What was the history of the warfare between ancient Athens and Sparta?

What were the major technological and engineering accomplishments of the Roman civilization?

Where did Christianity start and who were its early converts?

Compare the creation story in the Judeo/Christian Bible with the creation stories of other religious traditions.

What theories do Biblical scholars have about the authorship of the Old Testament?

Debate (requires 2 people): Was Jesus a philosopher?

How did Christianity become such a widespread religion in Europe by the Middle Ages?

What evidence led the Copernican system of planetary movement to replace the Ptolemaic?

What did the Catholic Church do to fight the Copernican theory of planetary movement?

What were the major advances in science due to Newton and Bacon and other seventeenth century scientists?

What did Michel de Montaigne write about cannibals?